How to Establish an Export Company?

An Export Company is one of the fundamental building blocks of international trade. These companies aim to offer products or services to global markets, contributing to the growth of the country’s economy. Products of high quality standards can be delivered to target markets with the right strategies. This process not only facilitates foreign trade but also allows the development of cultural and commercial relationships.

An Export Company is responsible for making products suitable for the right markets. Export processes include complex steps like customs regulations, logistics, and payment systems. Each phase requires a specific expertise that must be carefully managed. Furthermore, the success of an Export Company is directly proportional to its ability to keep up with the dynamics of global trade.

At this point, keeping track of industry developments, evaluating new business opportunities, and managing risks plays a critical role. Strategic planning and an innovative approach are essential for the sustainable growth of an Export Company. In a globalizing world, being a successful Export Company not only provides a competitive advantage locally but also on an international scale.

Establishing an Export Company

Establishing an export company requires specific steps and legal procedures. The following are the stages of establishing an export company:

1. Preparing a Business Plan

Conduct market research to identify your target markets.
Define your products or services.
Create an export strategy (direct export, using distributors, e-export, etc.).

2. Determining the Type of Company

You can choose legal structures such as Joint Stock Company (A.Ş.) or Limited Liability Company (Ltd. Şti.).
For export, Limited Liability Company is typically preferred.

3. Establishing the Company

Tax Office Registration: Register your company with the tax office.
Trade Registry: Register your company at the trade registry office.
Chamber Registration: Register your company at the relevant chamber of commerce (e.g., Istanbul Chamber of Commerce).

4. Preparing Necessary Documents

Exporters’ Union Membership: Join the Exporters’ Union. Membership is required to engage in regular exports.
Customs and Export Permits: Obtain permits for customs procedures and prepare necessary documents.
Trade and Email Accounts: Open a company account to manage payment transactions.

5. Mastering International Trade Agreements

Be aware of the trade agreements and tax obligations of the country you will export to.
When organizing trade agreements, use Incoterms (International Commercial Terms).

6. Determining Logistics and Distribution Channels

Determine the logistics companies that will handle your shipments.
Decide on practical details like transport and customs procedures for export.

7. Marketing and Sales Strategy

Develop a marketing strategy for the country you will export to.
Reach out to potential customers and establish your sales channels.

8. Tax and Financial Regulations

Research the tax obligations of your export activities.
Learn about currency transfers and accounting processes when receiving payments from abroad.

One of the most important factors to consider when establishing an export company is to follow the correct legal procedures and act in accordance with the dynamics of international trade.

Advantages of Establishing an Export Company

There are many advantages to establishing an export company. Here are the main advantages:

By exporting, you are not limited to the local market. By opening up to markets in different countries, you can diversify your income sources and reach a global customer base.
By protecting yourself from economic fluctuations within the country, you can create a balancing effect in foreign markets.

Exporting allows you to offer your products to high-demand foreign markets, yielding higher profit margins.
For high-quality products, developed countries generally pay more.

Export provides an opportunity for your company to demonstrate itself in international competition. This can increase your brand’s reputation and help it gain recognition on a global scale.
Export offers you opportunities to develop innovative products and lead the market.

Export helps your company gain a larger market share and offers growth opportunities internationally.
By exporting, you can increase your production capacity, create new job opportunities, and contribute to employment.

Exporters’ Associations in Turkey and government supports offer various incentives to export companies. These incentives may include tax advantages, financial support, and conveniences in export processes.
Export companies can also receive support in customs procedures and transport processes.

Export can provide foreign exchange earnings, which can improve your company’s financial health, especially during times of high exchange rates.
Companies that contribute to the economic development of their countries can create value for the national economy through export.

By operating in different markets, you reduce the risk of being affected by economic crises or negative conditions in local markets.
With export, you can continue your business without relying on a single market.

Export offers your company an opportunity to experience different cultures and business practices.
It helps you learn the dynamics of international trade and gain experience in conducting business in foreign markets.

When exporting, you can diversify and develop your products according to the market demands abroad.
Global markets can inspire you to design innovative products.

Export can increase the long-term stability of your company. Sustainable growth can be achieved due to demand from many firms.

Export offers a strategic opportunity for both small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large companies looking to grow. However, a successful export process requires careful planning and accurate market analysis.

Required Documents and Applications for Establishing an Export Company

Establishing an export company requires specific documents and applications. Below are the documents and applications typically requested during the process of establishing an export company:

1. Required Documents for Company Establishment

Trade Registry: You must register your company with the trade registry.
- Company’s signature circular
- Photocopies of the company’s partners’ IDs
- Incorporation agreement
Tax Office Registration: You need to register your company with the tax office.
Chamber Registration: Register with the relevant trade chamber (e.g., Istanbul Chamber of Commerce).
Company’s Articles of Association: The company’s articles of association includes its areas of activity, partnership structure, and board of directors’ regulations.
Signature Declaration: The signature declaration of the authorized persons of the company.

2. Documents and Applications Required for Export

Exporters’ Union Membership: You must apply for membership in the Exporters’ Unions in Turkey (e.g., Istanbul Exporters’ Association).
- Documents required for applying to the Exporters’ Union:
  - Trade registry gazette
  - Tax plate
  - Signature circular
  - Activity certificate
  - Documents indicating the field of activity of the company that will perform the export
Customs Registration: Customs procedures are necessary to carry out export. You must apply to customs consultants or the customs administration to register as an exporting company.
- You may need to obtain customs consultancy services and prepare a customs declaration.
Customs Taxes and Permit Documents: Depending on the country you are exporting to, certain special permits and documents may be required. For example, a health certificate or quality documents may be required for the export of food and health products.
Certificate of Origin: When exporting, documents indicating the place of manufacture of your products and information about the origin of the products may be required. You can obtain this document from Exporters’ Unions or the relevant trade chambers.

3. Additional Documents and Permits

Export Certificate: In some sectors, such as food, chemicals, or pharmaceuticals, certain certificates must be obtained. These certificates generally establish quality, hygiene, and safety standards.
Foreign Trade Permits: For high-risk products, foreign trade permits can be obtained from the relevant ministries. For example, products may require approval from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry or the Ministry of Health.
ISO and Other Quality Documents: Quality documents (e.g., ISO 9001) may be requested to demonstrate the suitability of the products for international markets.
Insurance Documents: During the export process, it may be necessary to obtain insurance to cover potential damage to the products during transportation.

4. Payment Systems and Bank Accounts

Opening a Foreign Exchange Account: You may need to open a foreign exchange account to receive export revenues in foreign currency.
Export Letter of Credit (LC): Especially for large-scale exports, a letter of credit, one of the secure payment methods, is used. A secure payment system for export can be set up through a bank.

5. Logistics and Transport Documents

Freight and Transport Agreement: Transportation contracts and agreements with the logistics company that will carry out the shipment of the products.
Transport and Customs Documents: Transport documents and customs declaration of the shipped products are necessary for the export to take place.

6. Marketing and Sales Documents for Export

Invoice and Trade Documents: The export invoice specifies the value, quantity, and terms of sale of the products. A trade agreement or sales contract may also be required.
Marketing Documents: When starting marketing activities in the country to which you are exporting, you may need to prepare product promotional documents, brochures, and catalogs.

These documents and applications may vary depending on the sector and the country to which the export is made. Before establishing an export company, it is important to research specific regulations and required documents related to your sector to take the correct steps.

Licenses and Permits Required for Export

The licenses and permits required to export can vary depending on the type of product, target market, and sector. Generally, the following licenses and permits are required for export:

Exporters in Turkey are required to be members of the Exporters’ Unions (e.g., Istanbul Exporters’ Association, Aegean Exporters’ Unions). This membership is mandatory for export and is generally necessary for regular import, export, and other foreign trade procedures.

Companies wishing to export must apply to the Customs Administration to complete the customs procedures and make the necessary registrations.
Customs consultants can assist companies during customs procedures and ensure that the correct documents are submitted.
In addition, special customs permits may be required for certain products (e.g., protective products or strategic goods).

Certificate of Origin: This document, indicating the country where the products were produced, is necessary for international trade.
It is issued by Exporters’ Unions or trade chambers. This document can help speed up customs procedures and provide customs tax advantages for some countries.

ISO Certificates: ISO certificates indicating quality and safety standards are required, especially for markets in Europe and developed countries.
Health and Safety Certificates: For food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and chemical products, documents issued by health ministries may be required. These documents demonstrate the products’ suitability and safety for international markets.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Some countries may request documents evaluating environmental impacts. Especially in sectors that may harm the environment (chemicals, energy, etc.), such certificates may be mandatory.

Food and Agricultural Products: For the export of food and agricultural products, various permits and certificates from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry may be required. Quality control and safety certificates may also be requested for these products.
Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Products: For the pharmaceutical and cosmetics sectors, approvals from the Ministry of Health and pharmaceutical or cosmetic regulatory authorities may be required. For example, the compliance of cosmetic products with local regulations is checked for cosmetics exported from Turkey.
Chemicals and Hazardous Substances: For the export of hazardous chemicals, special permits and transport documents from the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization may be required.

Export License: Some products require special permits or licenses for export. For example, an export license is mandatory for strategic materials or military products.
State-Controlled Products: Additional permits and licenses may be required for the export of certain products that are regulated and controlled by the government. These products include weapons, nuclear materials, or some pharmaceuticals.

For the export of certain products, approval may be required from the Ministry of Foreign Trade or other relevant institutions. These products are usually related to national security or international agreements.

Depending on the destination country, specific permits or regulations may need to be complied with. For example, for exports to European Union countries, products may need to have the CE mark, and food products may require conformity certificates.

The exported products must comply with local taxes and foreign exchange regulations. Additionally, export companies may need to apply for certain tax advantages (e.g., VAT refund applications).

The required licenses and permits for export vary by industry and the regulations of the destination country. It is crucial to research the legal requirements of the target market and ensure that the correct permits are in place before exporting.

Digital Marketing and Online Sales Channels for Export Companies

For export companies, digital marketing and online sales channels are among the most effective ways to reach global markets. Digital marketing helps to increase brand awareness by reaching the target audience through online platforms.

By using tools like SEO (Search Engine Optimization), social media ads, and Google Ads, export companies can easily reach potential customers worldwide. E-commerce platforms and B2B marketplaces are ideal spaces for directly presenting your products to overseas buyers.

Platforms such as Amazon, Alibaba, eBay, and Etsy provide a wide market for exporters, while you can also sell abroad with your own e-commerce site. Additionally, through digital marketing, customer relationships can be strengthened with content marketing, email campaigns, and online events, enabling sustainable growth in the global market. Efficient management of online sales channels allows the exporter to quickly a